Petrochemical

Petrochemicals (sometimes abbreviated as petchems) are the chemical products obtained from petroleum by refining. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as maize, palm fruit or sugar cane.

Pet coke

Petroleum coke, abbreviated coke or petcoke, is a final carbon-rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of fuels referred to as cokes.

Pet coke is the solid carbon byproduct of cracking units such as the the FCC and coker unit. In an FCC, coke forms on the catalyst and is burned off as fuel for the FCC process, resulting in no net production of coke as a product. … Refiners separate the coke from the other coker products and sell it as a product.

TAR

Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation. Tar can be produced from coal, wood, petroleum, or peat. Mineral products resembling tar can be produced from fossil hydrocarbons, such as petroleum.

Automotive & industrial lubricants

A lubricant is generally a fluidic material with the primary function of reducing friction between surfaces in contact. … For Example: Engine oil is a specific type of lubricant that is developed for application in engines.
Industrial lubricants are oils, fluids, greases, and other compounds that reduce friction, binding, wear, or exclude moisture. Their primary function is to displace solid surfaces with a fluid film. They are otherwise used to modify surface properties, regulate temperature, or remove debris.

Marine Lubricants

Marine lubrication includes the use of ancillary grades such as hydraulic oils, compressor oils, gear oils, grease, etc. … In addition, the ship operator fre- quently requires advice on lubrication and related problems, together with a used oil analysis service

Base oils, greases and fluids

Base oils are used to manufacture products including lubricating greases, motor oil and metal processing fluids. … Base oil is produced by means of refining crude oil. This means that crude oil is heated in order that various distillates can be separated from one another.

Base Oil Categories

Group I

Group I base oils are classified as less than 90 percent saturates, greater than 0.03 percent sulfur and with a viscosity-index range of 80 to 120. The temperature range for these oils is from 32 to 150 degrees F. Group I base oils are solvent-refined, which is a simpler refining process. This is why they are the cheapest base oils on the market.

Group II

Group II base oils are defined as being more than 90 percent saturates, less than 0.03 percent sulfur and with a viscosity index of 80 to 120. They are often manufactured by hydrocracking, which is a more complex process than what is used for Group I base oils. Since all the hydrocarbon molecules of these oils are saturated,

Group II base oils have better antioxidation properties. They also have a clearer color and cost more in comparison to Group I base oils. Still, Group II base oils are becoming very common on the market today and are priced very close to Group I oils.

Group III

Group III base oils are greater than 90 percent saturates, less than 0.03 percent sulfur and have a viscosity index above 120. These oils are refined even more than Group II base oils and generally are severely hydrocracked (higher pressure and heat). This longer process is designed to achieve a purer base oil.

Although made from crude oil, Group III base oils are sometimes described as synthesized hydrocarbons. Like Group II base oils, these oils are also becoming more prevalent.

What is grease? It’s a solid to semi-fluid product made up of a liquid lubricant and a thickening agent. The type of thickener and the characteristics of the liquid lubricant determine the basic properties of a grease.

Grease is made up of three components:

Base Oil (70-90%) + Additives (1-10%) + Thickener / Soap (5-20%) = Lubricating Grease